Buyer Guide,Interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta

The human IL-2 receptor beta peptide, also known as IL2RB or CD122, is a critical component of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) complex. This protein plays a pivotal role in mediating the cellular responses to interleukin-2 (IL-2), a vital cytokine involved in the regulation of the immune system. Understanding the intricacies of the human IL-2 receptor beta peptide is crucial for comprehending immune cell development, function, and the pathophysiology of various immune-related disorders.

The IL-2 receptor itself is a heterotrimeric protein complex, typically composed of three distinct subunits: the alpha subunit (IL-2Rα, also known as CD25 or p55), the beta subunit (IL-2Rβ, also known as CD122 or p75), and the common gamma chain subunit (IL-2Rγc, also known as CD132 or p65). While the IL-2Rα subunit primarily contributes to the high-affinity binding of IL-2, the IL-2Rβ subunit is essential for signal transduction. It acts as the primary signaling component, transducing the mitogenic signals of IL-2 and mediating T cell immune responses. The IL-2Rβ subunit is a type I cytokine receptor expressed on various immune cells, including T lymphocytes. It binds IL-2 with a moderate affinity (Kd: 1 nM approximately).

The IL-2Rβ subunit is a type I membrane protein. The Human IL-2 R beta cDNA encodes a precursor protein of 551 amino acids, featuring a 26 amino acid signal peptide, a 214 amino acid extracellular region, and a 25 amino acid transmembrane domain. The use of alternative promoters can lead to multiple transcript variants encoding this protein. The IL2RB gene is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with IL2RB include Immunodeficiency 63 With Lymphoproliferation And, highlighting the critical role of this receptor in maintaining immune homeostasis. Human IL-2 receptor alpha chain deficiency (CD25 deficiency) and IL-2 receptor β chain deficiency (CD122 deficiency) are both caused by mutations in their respective genes, IL2RA and IL2RB, underscoring their importance.

The IL-2 receptor pathway is fundamental to immunity, influencing the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, and B cells. It also plays a role in the elimination of self-reactive T cells, contributing to the maintenance of self-tolerance. The receptors for IL15 and IL2 share two common subunits, IL2R beta and IL2R gamma, which explains the overlapping biological activities of these two cytokines. This shared subunit structure is crucial for the coordinated function of these signaling pathways.

The IL-2Rβ subunit is implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis and plays a significant role in T cell-mediated immune responses. The IL-2 receptor complex, through its subunits, is involved in receptor-mediated cellular processes. Research has explored the functional consequences of human interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) β chain (IL2RB) gene defects, identifying them as a cause of life-threatening immune dysregulation. Studies have reported instances of three such cases, indicating the severe impact of these genetic alterations.

Beyond its fundamental role in immune cell signaling, the human IL-2 receptor beta peptide is also a target of interest in therapeutic applications. IL-2 itself is a T-cell-derived cytokine used for treatment of melanoma and renal cancer. While IL-2Rα binds exclusively to IL-2 with low affinity, it significantly increases the binding affinity of the whole receptor complex, which includes IL-2Rβ and γc subunits. The IL-2Rβ subunit, therefore, is a crucial component for achieving effective IL-2 signaling.

The availability of various recombinant human IL-2 receptor subunit beta proteins and related reagents facilitates research into its function. These include products like Recombinant Human IL-2 R beta Protein 224-2B, which can bind IL-2 with low affinity and is not an effective IL-2 antagonist on cells displaying high or intermediate affinity IL-2 receptors. Researchers also utilize IL-2 R beta Antibody (27302) (MAB224) derived from synthetic peptides, such as KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human IL2 Receptor beta, amino acids 501-551, for detection and analysis. Furthermore, kits like the RayBio Human IL-2 R beta (CD122) ELISA Kit are available for quantifying IL-2 R beta in biological samples.

The study of human IL-2 receptor beta peptide is an active area of research, with